Graymail: Email Marketing’s New Albatross

As if list growth, subsequent fatigue, SPAM compliance and utilizing the proper testing procedures did not present enough challenges for email marketers, enter graymail. These are messages that are routed to the SPAM box despite the fact that senders received explicit permission from consumers and recipients. Hotmail made news last month with this declaration of war against graymail and their attempts to clean up inboxes without Hotmail users having to reduce clutter on their own.

What is graymail?

Graymail

Graymail can be defined as messages that drop out of the inbox due to lack of activity from individual recipients. They can also be classified as once welcome email messages that have since fallen out of favor with their intended targets. Hotmail accounts for over 12% of the email client market share and they are of course owned by Microsoft, the developers of Outlook which sits atop the email client mountain.

However, this graymail phenomena is not unique to Microsoft email clients. For instance, I use Gmail for several of my own accounts. Here is a screenshot of my SPAM box. Please note that these are all messages that I agreed to receive. Due to my lack of response (opens and clicks), Gmail has automatically routed them to SPAM. No offense to any of the companies referenced below – I’ve just been a little busy.

Gmail Graymail Example

Why is graymail making email marketers sweat?

There are two primary reasons email marketers have cause for concern.

1. Graymail is difficult to discern from a marketer’s perspective. To my knowledge email service providers don’t really have a means of tracking what percentage of emails sent turn gray. They should appear as a successful delivery and most likely as a “did not open”. Thus, we really don’t know how many of our messages fall under this category, but open rate can be somewhat helpful.

2. Point of no return? Once something becomes classified as graymail, it can be very difficult to reverse that status in all likelihood. To use my Gmail example above, it has been months since emails from some of those senders referenced has made it to my personal inbox. To make it out again, the individual must denote that the message is not SPAM. This is not a very likely scenario and these kinds of relationships can be difficult to rekindle.

How can you combat graymail?

Unfortunately, there is no Just for Men email marketing solution to help you “keep your edge”. What this really requires is preemptive planning combined with guarded message scheduling of content-rich messages. As noted earlier, the jury is out on whether graymail can be fixed. You can only hope to avert it. Here are a few ideas to help you avoid the effects of graymail on your email marketing campaigns:
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Buckets to Oblivion

How much customer segmentation is too much? Are you slicing the pie into too many pieces? Is there real meaning and significance to your buckets?

To adequately make this point, first allow me to explain marketing segmentation in manner more formal than I am usually comfortable:

Try to avoid bucketing your way to inefficiency.Customer segmentation has often been used by marketers to break a large audience into smaller subsets. The practice of creating audience segments, sometimes referred to as ‘buckets’, allows skilled marketers to deliver unique messages to a clearly defined group and monitor that group’s response to various marketing stimuli. Each group is defined by a common set of criteria that distinguishes them from other types of customers. The lines of demarcation when classifying customers are often aided by:

  • Demographics (gender, age, employment status, location)
  • Psychographics (personality, attitudes, interests, lifestyles)
  • Technographics (ownership, usage patterns and attitudes toward specific technologies)
  • Brand-specific behavioral measures (purchase history, purchase frequency, purchase amount), also known as the RFM model
  • A mix of the four above.

If executed correctly, audience segmentation allows marketers to provide more relevance to individual groups of customers which in turn spawns greater ROI for the business.

Now, here’s the more laid back approach to describing segmentation:

There was always that kid in high school who could get along with every clique. He could talk about beer and girls with the jocks, compare notes on lyrics from The Cure with the goths, play hacky sack with the stoners and share TI-82 calculator tricks with the geeks. He could even make nice with the teachers in a way that wouldn’t alienate himself. Proper use of segmentation is the ability to be that kid.

In a perfect world, we would have the time, resources and knowledge to communicate to every individual customer in a unique way.  For most businesses, that is near impossible and most of us are not ready for retina scan marketing.  However, examination of what matters most to your customers about your offering (and why) will provide some guidance to create the right buckets.  While the merits of segmentation can be described in much more finite detail by people smarter than me, it is possible to be too good at segmentation or perhaps just overzealous. Here are a few common problems and some potential solutions. [Read more...]

Finding & Creating Relevant Content

Over the past year, dozens of public relations and marketing agencies are using a new phrase to more aptly describe what they offer to clients: Content Marketing. Essentially content marketing is the art of storytelling with the consumer as the audience and the brand as the muse. Content marketing involves the development of sharable, multiformat, multimodal assets to attract new customers and retain existing ones. For some, the end product of this effort could come in the form of a video, press release, tutorial, informative list, blog post, infographic, opinion paper, original research document, microsite, etc. etc.

However, content marketing that is worthy of positive mention and imitation cannot be likened to throwing a handful of noodles on the wall in the hopes it will stick. Good content should be:

  • oriented to a specific marketing objective,
  • relevant to consumer needs and questions,
  • unique amongst content developed by competitors,
  • appropriate for the distribution channels utilized, and
  • executed in a manner that supports the brand message and builds trust.

Why is Content Marketing Important?
It plays nice with Sales. Relevance and meaning spurs on motivation.
It works well with Search. Content marketing possesses excellent attraction components and link building opportunities.
It has a reciprocated crush on Social Media. Good stories are told over and over again.
It leads to More Content. Good content breeds better content in time with proper testing and measurement.

Content marketing does not overtly sell a product or service. It demonstrates, educates and assists. Often times it ties a product/service to related themes that have meaning and impact on our everyday experiences. Here are just some examples:

Man of the House – a site created by Proctor & Gamble chock full of compelling articles for married men and fathers.

Personal Budget Planner – a free tool from Mint that helps individuals create and manage a personal budget.

Photo Tips from Kodak – a comprehensive collection of photography tips that mentions nothing of buying a camera but rather teaches people how to use their cameras better.

Where Does Great Content Come From?
How can your organization identify those unique storytelling elements that will resonate with all your consumers from the most loyal to the oft fleeting? Here are a few suggestions:

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Five Digital Options for Local Store Marketing

Local merchants aiming to promote their businesses are presented with almost too many options. Several small business owners jump at offline tactics like direct mailers, advertising in neighborhood circulars, door-to-door flier distribution, inclusion in coupon “value packs”, etc. While these offline tactics can be effective in driving eyeballs and awareness, measurement of their ability to generate long-term customers can sometimes be a chore.

For the local store marketer looking to mix a little digital flavor into her playbook, here are five options to consider.

Brief Caveats:

  • Local businesses are encouraged to create a marketing plan, not just a list of tactics.
  • Consider how your company is different than others in your area, and identify your unique message.
  • Incorporate analytics & measurement into everything you do. Rely on numbers as a guide when crafting and modifying your local marketing strategy.

1. Search
Search engine optimization is not just a viable tactic for behemoth, corporate juggernauts with staffs larger than your hometown. People are searching for your shop too. Use the keyword research tools to determine the exact terms for which people are searching. Focus on your niche and your small patch on the globe. Be smart about targeting and budget allocation and use search to your advantage.

Some Tips:

  • Remember that search engine optimization equates to the art and science of getting your site ranked well in natural search. This is determined in part by your site design, the number of links coming to your site and the degree to which your site incorporates relevant keyword terms. To clarify further, check out this SEO analogy.
  • Every page on your site is a possible entry point. Conduct research and match keyword terms with pages on your site. Incorporate those terms artfully into titles, meta descriptions, headlines and text without stuffing.
  • Think locally, act … well, locally. If you own a barber shop in Casper, Wyoming, utilize keywords like “casper wyoming barber shop” as opposed to “barber shop” that has relevance for every business dedicated to cutting hair in the English-speaking world.
  • Experiment with search engine marketing or pay per click campaigns. Your business can create geo-targeted campaigns that show text ads just to those searching in your area. Ads are sold and displayed in an auction-like environment so you can control how much you are willing to spend per click and per day. Start small and have a specific consumer end-goal in mind with your pay per click campaigns (e.g. “get directions”, “download this coupon”, “sign up for our newsletter”). Don’t spend money for eyeballs; encourage visitors to take action.

2. Local Listings
Natural and paid search take up only a piece of the search results page. Other real estate is dedicated to local listings. Google allows small business owners to create an account to manage their place online. Fittingly, this program is called Google Places. Other opportunities exist to list your business on several popular websites where potential customers are likely to find you.
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Stop Treating Your Email List Like Geese

When geese migrate for the winter, they typically do so in flocks. One bird takes the lead and the rest follow in a uniform V-pattern. All their heads and necks point in the same direction, and their seasonal flight path is predictable.

Source: sarniebill1 / flickr CC

Despite having feathers and beaks, owls have little else in common with geese. Owls operate at night. They feed on live prey. Perhaps the most important distinction (at least for the point I will attempt to make here) is that owls are solitary creatures. When is the last time you saw a flock of owls?

Source: gbrettmilller / flickr CC

I submit to you that your email recipients, especially those designated for an automated program or message track, are not like geese. They are owls. Too often email tracks are designed with a one-way experience in mind that offers little flexibility for the recipient. We cannot expect every single person on our list to react the same way. They may have similar end-goals, but their primary interests and motivations for getting there are different and unique to the individual. Automated messaging programs must provide for singularity.

To explain further, here’s what a sample email track in which a prospect is nurtured over a sales cycle may look like:

Likely story.
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Your Email Marketing Needs Some Love

This past week, email marketing service provider Mailer Mailer produced an email marketing metrics report. The report offered up some averages and trends for several metrics relied upon by email marketers. A number of main stream media outlets picked up on the report including emarketer, and the results are very telling about the email marketing industry. Performance is honestly a bit lousy.

Open rates are declining. Click rates are trending downward. These effects are commonly referred to as list fatigue. On the whole, campaigns around the world are missing one key ingredient: L-O-V-E, love.

email marketing open rates

Consider this for a moment: the connection you share with your subscribers and regular recipients should be viewed as a relationship. Strong ties between individuals typically lead to greater rewards in business and in our personal lives. The more we strive to create and take part in meaningful experiences for both parties, the greater likelihood the good times will continue. And in the end, the love you take is equal to the love you make.

The following breaks down potential problems and solutions to email list fatigue. Each is followed by a translation to similar scenarios in our personal relationships.

Love on the Rocks

Here are three potential issues you may have if your email metrics are in decline.

War of the RosesDelivery to the Same Tired Old List
List fatigue is often the result of sending the same messages to the same people and expecting different results. If this sounds familiar, good luck. Consistency is good, but if your campaign is lacking anything worth getting excited about, it’s time to mix things up.

“Nothing ever changes. You’re bored. I’m bored. What’s the point?”

Lack of Relevance with Messaging
One of the primary reasons for unsubscribes is lack of relevance. Each email send should be viewed as a method to communicate with the individual, not the masses. If your messages do not resonate, expect people to unsubscribe or just stop opening.

“It’s not you, it’s me. We’re just growing apart and going different places.”

Attempts to Rekindle an Expired Flame
The genesis of several shoddy email marketing campaigns is the discovery of an old list. The problem here is that many of the people that used to buy from you, used to do business with you, or used to know you probably don’t anymore. Resist having high hopes when sending to a list of recipients with whom you have not connected in months (or worse, years).

“Hey! Remember me from college? Wow, good times, huh? It’s great to catch up with you here on Facebook.”

Let’s Stay Together

Woo your recipients back with these three email campaign strategies.

Re-Engagement Campaigns
No matter who you are, not all your recipients share equal enthusiasm about receiving email messages from you. Many on your list may have not opened a message from you in the past few sends. It’s important find out if they are still interested in receiving mail from you or if you are simply sending to an abandoned account. Pull a list of those that have not opened any messages from you in the past three months. Send an email only to those members of your list with some kind of relevant invitation or incentive to re-engage. Perhaps they would like to receive messages from you less frequently. Maybe they want you to send them only messages pertaining to one piece of your offering. Find out why they are on the fence, and do your best to win them back.

“It’s time we fish or cut bait, sweet pea.”

Segment & Personalize
Use every touchpoint with your customers to learn something more about them. Observe when they open and when the do not. Monitor what they click on and what they ignore. Segment your lists and your subsequent messages based on behavior and survey results data. Understand the motivations and interests of each individual. Avoid the trap that many email marketers fall into when they begin to believe this is a one-to-many medium. In reality, it should be one-to-one times the number of people on your lists.

“What do you love most about being with me?”

Seek Advice
New to email marketing or not sure what the best way to craft and send a message or how to measure the results? Find someone who does. Read up on viable techniques and service providers from proven email marketing experts. Ask questions.

“You guys have been together for years. How do you do it?”

So who are these purveyors of sage email marketing advice? Who is the Clark to your Rusty Griswold? Here are a few of my personal favorites:

Retail Email Blog
ExactTarget Blog
Blue Sky Factory
Mail Chimp Blog
eROI Resource Center

Ode to Taguchi

Good marketing professionals are capable of creating compelling messages. They know where to place that message so it will reach the right audience at key moments. Decent and capable marketers know how to measure results effectively to prove success and, in some cases, failure.

Even better marketers understand that not every idea will be a winner. They know that sometimes plans don’t pan out. Really talented marketers know that they don’t have all the answers, but they do know how to find them.

“He who knows best knows how little he knows.”

- Thomas Jefferson

In fact, when speculating on what creative will resonate, what call to action will generate the most activity and what elements will encourage the customer to take the next step, the only voice that really matters is that of the customer. The best marketers create testing programs that help them to listen to the customer, who will always point them in the right direction. Simply put, the smartest marketing minds in the world test everything.

From simple to extremely complicated, there are many kinds of tests you can run. All these can be divided into two primary categories:

A/B Split Tests
An A/B Split helps you determine how one specific element will impact a customer’s decision (e.g. Subject Line A vs. Subject Line B, red button vs. blue button, % off vs. $ off).

Multivariate Tests
More involved than simple split tests, multivariate tests take into account that it’s not always just one element that makes the difference. Rather, the proper combination of elements drives the best results.

The one drawback to multivariate tests is the time required to get a statistically significant result. To use a pay per click text ad as an example, let’s say you want to test two values for three separate variables: Headline, Description and Display URL. To run a full multivariate test, you would have 8 different ad combinations.

  2 Headlines
x 2 Descriptions
x 2 Display URLs
8 Ad Combinations

Google AdWords Testing

For campaigns with limited traffic and/or budget, getting some real results from this testing effort could take weeks if not months. That’s where Genichi Taguchi comes in (not to be confused with a baseball player with the same name).

Taguchi Method

Mr. Genichi Taguchi

So Taguchi

Different Taguchi

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Customer Retention Through Digital Media

Last month, I was invited to speak at a Digital Marketing class at Arizona State University. The class is taught by my friend and former employer, Bret Giles, who cofounded Sitewire and currently runs agencyside.

arizona state universityI was asked to speak about retention strategies and tactics in digital marketing. The majority of my presentation discusses email marketing. I did touch on social media and mobile marketing to a degree, but those topics were covered in previous classes by Jack Smith and Sean Bartlett respectively. Both Jack and Sean are great speakers and extremely knowledgeable practitioners.

Above all, I wanted to impress upon the students how important retention is to an integrated strategy. So many companies who engage in interactive marketing focus solely on generating new traffic and one-time sales. However, utilizing methods for identifying and communicating to an organization’s best and most loyal customers offers many easy wins at little expense.
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Email Tracks, Triggers & Campaigns

Is it me, or can nearly everything be neatly packaged in sets of three? Sun, Moon, Stars. Red, Blue, Yellow. Earth, Wind, Fire. Mother, Father, Baby. Republican, Democrat, Tolerable. Etc.

Using that logic, there are three types email marketing programs that your company can develop, manage and measure. Here I will explain each program and provide real world examples in three different industries (just to go along with the “3″ theme). Depending upon the level of complexity of your email marketing tool, you may be able to execute upon all three of these program types or maybe just the most basic.


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Create an Email Marketing Testing Plan

If you manage an email marketing list for your company or on behalf of a client, this information is for you. Here I will cover the basics of testing with email marketing, and those just getting started will most likely find this beneficial. This article does not take the benefits of list segmentation, customer database integration or other important lifecycle marketing considerations into account. Nor is this article about “E-Blasts”. In fact this blog will never discuss the “blasting” of anything. Bombs, missiles, irrepressible flatulence – these things are blasted. Email marketing messages are sent. Sorry if I am coming off like an email marketing snob.

If you have built a credible list (i.e. no purchased or rented lists) and you are ready to learn more about the audience, testing is a great option. If you do not test, and there are far too many who do not, you are simply leaving valuable knowledge and money on the table.

Why Test Emails?

  • Better Results Now
    More often than not, simply experimenting with different testing elements can yield a better result. More info on those specific elements soon.>

  • Better Results Later
    The primary reason for testing is to provide and derive the utmost value. Testing paves the way to understanding what your customers want, what appeals to them, what they are likely to respond to in the future.

  • Better Results Elsewhere
    Don’t limit the impact of results to just your email marketing campaigns. Testing messages, pricing, creative layouts, etc. can also impact other marketing programs. Utilizing your current customer base as a source of information can help you make important decisions about communicating with new and potential customers.

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